Ir Conjugation: The Complete Guide to “To Go” in Spanish

By SpanishGram

Spanish Irregular Verbs Hub | Ir Quiz

What Ir Is and Why It Matters

Ir means “to go,” and it is one of the most frequently used verbs in Spanish. It covers physical movement — going to a place — but also future plans (voy a estudiar), ongoing change (va mejorando), and everyday idioms (ir de compras, ir bien). Along with ser and estar, it belongs to the small group of verbs you cannot function without.

Ir is completely irregular in almost every tense. There is no pattern from the infinitive, and the preterite forms (fui, fuiste, fue…) are identical to the preterite forms of ser — context decides which verb you’re hearing. That overlap is one of the most confusing points for learners, and this guide addresses it directly.

Key Takeaways

  • Ir is irregular in nearly every tense.
  • Present tense: voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van.
  • The preterite of ir is identical to the preterite of ser: fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron.
  • The imperfect is the only tense with a regular-looking stem: iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban.
  • Ir a + infinitive is the most common way to express the future in everyday Spanish.
  • Ir and irse are different verbs — ir is to go, irse is to leave.

Ir Conjugation Charts

Present Tense

PronombreConjugaciónEjemplo
yovoyVoy al mercado los sábados.
tú / vosvas¿Vas a la fiesta esta noche?
él / ella / ustedvaElla va a la universidad.
nosotros / nosotrasvamosVamos al cine frecuentemente.
vosotros / vosotrasvaisVais muy rápido.
ellos / ellas / ustedesvanEllos van de vacaciones en julio.

Preterite Tense

PronombreConjugaciónEjemplo
yofuiFui al médico ayer.
tú / vosfuiste¿Fuiste a la reunión?
él / ella / ustedfueÉl fue a España el año pasado.
nosotros / nosotrasfuimosFuimos al concierto anoche.
vosotros / vosotrasfuisteisFuisteis a la playa el fin de semana.
ellos / ellas / ustedesfueronFueron al supermercado esta mañana.

Note: These forms are identical to the preterite of ser. Fui al médico means “I went to the doctor.” Fui el primero means “I was the first.” The verb is the same shape; context and the rest of the sentence tell you which one it is.

Imperfect Tense

PronombreConjugaciónEjemplo
yoibaCuando era niño, iba al parque todos los días.
tú / vosibasIbas a esa escuela, ¿verdad?
él / ella / ustedibaElla iba a la iglesia los domingos.
nosotros / nosotrasíbamosÍbamos a la piscina en verano.
vosotros / vosotrasibaisIbais juntos al colegio.
ellos / ellas / ustedesibanIban a ese restaurante frecuentemente.

Future Tense

PronombreConjugaciónEjemplo
yoiréIré a tu casa mañana.
tú / vosirás¿Irás a la graduación?
él / ella / ustediráElla irá a la conferencia.
nosotros / nosotrasiremosIremos de viaje el próximo mes.
vosotros / vosotrasiréisIréis a la universidad el año que viene.
ellos / ellas / ustedesiránIrán a visitar a sus abuelos.

A Note on Vosotros

The second-person plural vosotros/as is standard in Peninsular Spanish. In Latin America, ustedes is used for both formal and informal plural address, and vosotros is not used in everyday speech. Both forms appear in this guide so you can recognize them wherever you encounter Spanish. If you are learning Spanish for use in the Americas, you can treat ustedes as the only plural form you need to produce, while still recognizing vosotros in writing.

Gerund and Infinitive

FormaEspañolEjemplo
GerundioyendoVa yendo más rápido.
InfinitivoirQuiero ir de compras.

How to Use Ir in Context

Expressing Movement and Destination

The most basic use: ir + *a* + place.

  • Voy a la oficina cada día.
  • ¿Vas al supermercado?
  • Vamos a México en diciembre.

Note the contraction: a + el becomes al. Voy al mercado, not voy a el mercado.

Expressing Future Plans (Ir a + Infinitive)

Ir a + infinitive is the everyday future in Spanish. It is more common than the simple future tense in speech.

  • Voy a estudiar español.
  • ¿Vas a llamar a tu madre?
  • Va a llover esta tarde.

This construction is so frequent that learners often use it before they learn the actual future tense — and native speakers use it far more than estudiaré in everyday conversation.

Expressing Ongoing Change

Ir + gerund describes a gradual process or a slow change over time.

  • Va mejorando su español. (His Spanish is getting better.)
  • Vamos aprendiendo poco a poco. (We’re learning little by little.)

This is not the same as the progressive with estar. Está mejorando means “he is getting better right now.” Va mejorando means “he is getting better over time.”

Common Phrases and Idioms

  • Ir a + lugar — to go to a place
  • Ir a + infinitivo — to be going to do something
  • Ir bien / ir mal — to go well / to go badly
  • Ir de compras — to go shopping
  • Irse — to leave, to go away
  • ¡Vamos! — Let’s go! Come on!

Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Confusing ir with irse. Ir describes motion toward a destination. Irse adds the idea of leaving a place behind. Voy al cine means “I’m going to the movies.” Me voy means “I’m leaving.” Both are correct, but they answer different questions — ¿Adónde vas? vs ¿Cuándo te vas?
  • Forgetting the irregular forms. Voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van — no pattern from the infinitive. Memorize them.
  • Not distinguishing ir from ser in the preterite. Fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron are shared. Context decides. Fui al médico (I went) vs fui médico (I was a doctor).
  • Using the simple future where ir a + infinitive is more natural. In everyday speech, voy a comer is more common than comeré. The simple future belongs to writing and formal register.

Putting It All Together

Cuando era niño, iba al parque todos los días después del colegio. Un verano, mis padres decidieron que iríamos a visitar a mis abuelos en México. Fue un viaje inolvidable. Ahora voy a volver el año que viene, y esta vez me quedo más tiempo.

Five uses of ir in one paragraph: habitual past (iba), future-in-the-past (iríamos), completed past (fue), future plan (voy a volver), and present motion (me quedo — with irse in the reflexive).

Quick Reference Chart

FunciónTiempoForma
Movement to a place (now)Presentevoy / vas / va / vamos / vais / van
Completed past motionPretéritofui / fuiste / fue / fuimos / fuisteis / fueron
Habitual past motionImperfectoiba / ibas / iba / íbamos / ibais / iban
Future motion or intentionFuturoiré / irás / irá / iremos / iréis / irán
Going to do somethingIr a + infinitivovoy a comer / vas a estudiar / va a llover

Practice Exercise

Fill in the correct form of ir.

  1. Yo ______ al mercado los sábados.
  2. Cuando era niño, ______ al parque todos los días.
  3. Ayer ______ al médico porque me sentía mal.
  4. El próximo verano ______ a visitar a mis primos.
  5. Nosotros ______ a estudiar español este año.

Answers: 1. voy · 2. iba · 3. fui · 4. iré (or voy — both work, depending on certainty) · 5. vamos

Ready to Master Ir Completely?

You’ve learned the conjugations and the rules — now it’s time to put them to work.

TAKE THE IR CONJUGATION QUIZ
Four sets, from present-tense forms through mixed practice. Instant explanations, 85% mastery target.

RETURN TO IRREGULAR VERBS MAIN HUB
Practice other essential irregular verbs like ser, estar, tener, and more.

USE OUR CONJUGATION TOOL
Practice any verb, any tense, with our interactive conjugation tool.

Your Next Steps in Mastering Spanish

  • Bookmark this page for quick reference.
  • Write five sentences using ir each day — describing where you’re going, where you went, and what you’re going to do.
  • Practice the ir a + infinitive construction until it becomes automatic. It’s the everyday future.
  • Move on to Tener Conjugation to keep building your command of essential irregular verbs.

Part of the Irregular Verb Series

This article is part of SpanishGram’s Comprehensive Irregular Verb Series. For complete conjugation charts of any Spanish verb, use our Interactive Conjugation Tool.

Did you find this guide helpful? Share it with other Spanish learners and check out the rest of the series.

📚 Ir Conjugation: Frequently Asked Questions

A: voy (yo), vas (tú), va (él/ella/usted), vamos (nosotros), vais (vosotros), van (ellos/ellas/ustedes).

A: Yes. The preterite of ir and ser are identical: fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron. Context tells you which verb is being used. Fui al médico means “I went to the doctor.” Fui médico means “I was a doctor.”

A: Ir a + infinitive is the everyday future in Spanish: Voy a estudiar (I’m going to study), Vas a llamar (You’re going to call). It is more common in speech than the simple future tense (estudiaré).

A: Ir describes motion toward a destination: Voy al cine (I’m going to the movies). Irse adds the idea of leaving a place behind: Me voy (I’m leaving). Both are correct, but they answer different questions — ¿Adónde vas? vs ¿Cuándo te vas?

A: Use ir a + infinitive: Voy a comer (I’m going to eat), Vas a estudiar (You’re going to study), Va a llover (It’s going to rain).

A: Yes. The future of ir is regular: iré, irás, irá, iremos, iréis, irán. The stem is the infinitive ir-, with the standard future endings.

A: Because a + el contracts to al. Voy al mercado, not voy a el mercado. This contraction is mandatory. It does not happen with a la, a los, or a las.

A: Voy means “I go” or “I’m going” — motion toward a destination. Me voy means “I’m leaving” — departing from here. If you’re at a party and someone asks ¿Ya te vas?, they mean “Are you leaving already?” — not “Are you going somewhere?”

A: Yes. Ir + gerund describes a gradual process: Va mejorando su español (His Spanish is getting better). This is different from estar + gerund, which describes an action in progress at a specific moment.

A: It depends on where you’ll use Spanish. Vosotros/as — vais in the present, ibais in the imperfect — is standard in Spain. In Latin America, ustedes is used for both formal and informal plural address, and vosotros is not used in everyday speech.